We have an unwise tendency to categorize everything whereas in nature there are always continuous transitions, everything being interdependent and connected with the rest of the universe.
Michael, I would refrain from doing so because first the whole science and knowledge of nature necessarily implies categorization. And second it is utterly wrong that "in nature there are always continuous transitions". There are in fact everywhere major and ubiquitous discontinuous transitions as very basic Physics and Biology tells us.
I very much think there is a place for both views and, even in this specific case, recognise that you are both correct.
Yes, Michael, I also think we are both correct. The disagreement seems to be because we applied our comments to different fundamental points of views. Of course, I know that we have to analyze things separately to construct per example a car, that its cylinder head can nowadays be detached form the crankcase, and the car itself can be taken away form the road surface... What I meant, and perhaps I wasn’t specific and clear enough, is that every object is per example subject to the universal gravitation and connected to the rest of the universe mass. See also the EPR paradox.
When an engineer designs an automotive cylinder head, he’d better take into account the rest of the engine it is intended to, and even the kind of infrastructure and driving conditions the vehicle will have to face. He also has these days to take into consideration the global influence of that head design on exhaust emissions and environment. However, automotive OEM’s are not yet accountable for the influence of theirs engineering designs on the destiny of the Galaxy.
As for categorizing things for studying them, of course we have to, and that’s how our science and knowledge advances. But doing so, we artificially cut nature in slices and we loose the view of complex interactions. Sure, there appears discontinuities, but by successive gradations and it depends on which space-time scale we refer to. Where is the circumference of an atom? Where is the edge of a galaxy? Where and when the differentiation between men and animals happened?
I suppose Alpha refers to
emergent properties also. Yes, on one hand a sort of discontinuity can appear in individual cases, but for this to include the whole population of the specie it certainly takes several generations.
Example : is there a continuity between the salt and what we’re talking about now? Should this topic be split and if yes where ?
Francois