Troll - it depends on if you wash them or not. The chicken puts on a natural coating called bloom that allows a chicken egg to stay completely viable in just about any weather or conditions for the couple of weeks that it takes for the chicken to lay enough eggs to have a complete clutch. After that if you don't wash the bloom off and store it at room temp in your house those eggs will taste and be almost as nutritious as the day they were laid for months. If you want to go longer they used to preserve eggs by immersing them in a good quality olive oil. Why eggs go bad is because the shells are porous and it is oxygenation that breaks the interiors down over time. Olive oil in a way prolongs the bloom effect. But in the "olden days" they used certain techniques to help eggs to ferment properly. If you do this then you can have eggs that would be better than good for years. I have never tried to ferment eggs though because mine never last very long at all.
You have to start with good fresh eggs from chickens that were fed right and that are not washed. That's the ticket. If you are talking about having a store for at least half a year (I would think - but google it) all you need is some olive oil. The whites break down before the yolks by the way as they are closest to the shell and get the oxygenation first. The white is only backup nutrition for the growing chick and a buffer for shocks etc. Make sure your egg yolks are round, the whites are thick and those stringy things on the end are still there. Those stringy things are what hold the inside of the egg to the shell in place and are the first thing to break down as the inside starts to separate from the shell with oxygenation.
I learned all this kind of stuff years back when I was studying chicken books before I got my girls. If you really want to understand eggs - it's the chicken nerds ya gotta ask.
Oh - and don't put your eggs in plastic please. Why eat plastic as shells are absorbent? Yuck. There are many better things to store them in than that. They used to store eggs in ashes from the fire. I'm not sure about that either. They used to bury them too. But when researching it I decided that olive oil was the best choice.